Google Earth Community: Old Faithful

Secret of Old Faithful Revealed

The faithfulness of Yellowstone National Park's iconic Old Faithful geyser depends in part on how much it rains in the area, a new study finds.

For at least the past 135 years, Old Faithful has reliably spewed bursts of steam and hot water every 50 to 90 minutes (the frequency has recently hovered around every 91 minutes), to the wonder of tourists. More than 100,000 eruptions of the geyser have been recorded.

Geysers are rare features on Earth; only about 1,000 of them exist and more than half of those are located in Yellowstone. For a geyser to form there must be a volcanic heat source, abundant ground water, and a geologic plumbing system (fractures, fissures and other open spaces in rock) through which the heated water can escape.

The water escapes when the ground water is heated to boiling by the hot volcanic rocks. Expanding steam bubbles push the water overhead through the fissures in the rock until they overflow from the geyser. The escape of the top layers of water decreases the pressure on the hotter waters below, causing a chain reaction of violent steam explosions that expand the volume of the rising, boiling water by 1,500 times or more. This superheated water then bursts into the sky to form a geyser's familiar fountain.

The new study, detailed in the June issue of the journal Geology, found that how often a geyser erupts depends partly on how much ground water is available to it, which in turn depends on precipitation levels. While most snow and rain that makes it to the ground runs off into rivers and streams, about 5 percent of it seeps into the ground......... Rest of Article

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