One observation technique that I've not heard mentioned: If one has satellite photos from before and after the crash then one could create a second image showing pixel differences. With a technique like this a crash sight might turn out as bright spot on a black background. Such spots, even on a relatively low res satellite image, could help suggest possible search areas. This techique would also show up things like a scorch mark or indicators that do not resemble a plane.
The images would need to be relatively cloudless, exactly aligned and color balanced for the technique to work well. Also infra red might be more revealing.
I'm guessing the military is already doing this sort of thing for monitoring supply routes and such in Iraq and Afganistan.