i have wandered long in which former topic i could insert this one but at last thought why not to start an own one for the subject.
anything you feel interesting (be a mark or a study) are warmly welcomed!

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Will call poster in PM or reply to remove their attachments if added file by updates.

so how about Magyar?:

"...Apart from their origins, there is another riddle concerning the Hungarian people: that of their language. The name of the people and the language in their own tongue is MAGYAR. Before discussing relevant facts about the language, certain features of the words Hungarian and Magyar ought to be examined with reference to their usage in English. These two words were used in nineteenth-century English histories dealing with Hungary as follows:

1. 'Hungarian' referred to any native of the kingdom of Hungary regardless of his native tongue, i.e. to include any of the numerous nationalities living in that kingdom.

2. The term 'Magyar' was restricted only to those 'Hungarians' who spoke Hungarian as their native language.*Bertalan Szemere objected to this usage as early as the mid-nineteenth century, cf. his Hungary from 1848 to 1860 (1860) pp. 9-10. It is not difficult to discover the analogy of 'English' and 'British' in this usage, since the latter included those English-speaking peoples who regarded themselves non-English, but who were living in the British Isles. Needless to say, the distinction between 'Hungarian' and 'Magyar' is useless and leads to confusion. Moreover, early in the present century the term 'Magyar' became emotionally loaded. In both British and American usage it was used either to refer to a 'true Hungarian patriot' or, equally often, in a pejorative sense, to signify a 'nationalistic Hungarian'.

The word 'Hungarian' appeared in the English language in the middle of the sixteenth century, derived from the German word which goes back via medieval Latin 'Hungarus' to the Turkic 'onogur', one of the earliest recorded names for the Hungarians. The term means 'ten arrows' and refers to a coalition of ten tribes before the ninth century. It is interesting to note that in most European languages Hungarians are called by derivatives of this name, except for the immediate Slavonic neighbours who have been in contact with the Hungarians ever since the Conquest.

The term 'Magyar' has always been used by the Hungarians to denote themselves and their language (although the early chronicles - written in Latin - preferred the term 'Hungarus', probably to avoid confusion). To summarize the various attempts at cracking its etymology would go far beyond the scope of the present chapter. Most authorities agree, however, that it is a compound word derived from *magi or *mogi plus *eri. The first part is understood to be a proto-Ugrian word denoting 'a male', 'man', or 'people', while the second part is a later formation used with the same semantic content, except that it is a Turkic word according to some authorities. It seems to be a feasible etymology: primitive tribes often call themselves 'people'. Later when the meaning became obscure, or when foreigners constantly called them the *Mogi people - i.e. *mogi-eri - eventually they themselves adopted the term. The word Magyar appeared in English at the end of the eighteenth century only, and was first used extensively by travellers who visited Hungary in the first half of the nineteenth century, and popularized the word in their books.

From the earliest occasions on which Hungary was visited by foreigners, the Hungarian language presented a mystery to them, since it has no recognizable relationship with other European languages. The Hungarians were no less puzzled by their own tongue, and incredible theories were put forward concerning languages to which Hungarian might be related. It was in the late eighteenth century that a learned Hungarian Jesuit, Sajnovics, established the linguistic relationship of Hungarian with the Lappish language spoken in the northern part of Scandinavia, a region which he had visited in connection with his work as an astronomer. This was a discovery that eventually led to the classification of a group of languages called the Finno-Ugrian, with two main branches: the Finnic languages - named after the most important language in the branch: Finnish - and the Ugrian languages with Hungarian as the most significant language in the group. The two branches separated many thousands of years ago, and the relationship between the Finnic and Ugrian branches is less obvious to the linguistically untrained observer than the relationship between English and Sanskrit. The nearest kindred language to Hungarian is Vogul, but an Englishman and a Russian would understand each other more easily than a Hungarian and a Vogul.

The discovery of this relationship gave a new aspect to the mystery of the origin of the Hungarians. Most of the Finno-Ugrian tribes lived in the north of Europe and Asia and were peaceful hunting-fishing people, while the Hungarians were - according to all sources - fierce warriors, much more like the Huns or other nomadic steppe peoples living in the area of the Black Sea, or rather on the vast open space between Europe and China. This seeming contradiction has been reconciled by the hypothesis that Hungarians were the most southern branch of the Finno-Ugrians, and their close and prolonged contact with Turkic people changed their way of life drastically. Linguistic research has presumed the existence of a larger family of languages: the Ural-Altaic, of which the Finno-Ugrian appears to be one subdivision, the various Turkic languages being another.

The Finno-Ugrian origin of the Hungarian language has been successfully proven by the following basic features: the structure of the grammar is similar in all these languages; the complex Hungarian suffix-system can be traced to a common proto-Finno-Ugrian suffix-system; the basic vocabulary can be traced again to a common Finno-Ugrian stock of words which follows a regular pattern in the various shifts of vowels and consonants. Still, Hungarian etymology is a tricky business. The various stages of growth of the vocabulary have been pinpointed, but examination and re-examination of words may always yield new results. It has been generally accepted that various layers of non-Finno-Ugrian words were incorporated into the Hungarian vocabulary. The earliest contacts presumably involved old Iranian and a number of Turkic languages. Words borrowed in the Age of Migration seem to be related to animal husbandry. When the Hungarians conquered the Carpathian basin, numerous Slavonic words were borrowed to cover various aspects of church-life and local administration. In comparatively modern times - from about the Middle Ages - Latin and German have been the most important European languages to enrich the Hungarian vocabulary. In our own day many English words - particularly in the field of the sciences - have become part of standard Hungarian.

It is disquieting, though, that a proportionally significant part of the Hungarian lexical stock is of unknown etymology. There are various theories to explain this. These words - mostly abstract verbs and nouns - could still be of Finno-Ugrian origin, except that they survive in no other Finno-Ugrian languages, or may have been distorted even beyond the recognition of trained linguists. Since there were a great number of languages spoken on the steppes about which we have no knowledge at all - in a few cases only their names are known - these mysterious loanwords could have come from any of these languages; there are words even in English which successfully defy all attempts to find their etymology, in spite of the fact that the etymology of English words has never been a tiresome subject..."

LÓRÁNT CZIGÁNY:
A HISTORY OF HUNGARIAN LITERATURE
From the Earliest Times to the mid-1970's
(The Book in English)

related from GEC:
some interesting about hungarian
Tibet by Alexander Csoma de Kőrös
Giants of Hungarian Literature
Hungarians swept abroad
Sonidus Ethnographical Archives
slovak commons and the székely runes
Hungarian Regional Embroideries
yurt culture - the way of the hungarian
Kurgans of Hungary

Gratis Links:

TAMANA
(english):
http://www.geocities.com/olmec982000/tamana.htm
http://www.geocities.com/Tokyo/Bay/7051/MAGYAR.htm
(hungarian):
http://www.maghar.hu/tamana/
http://www.kitalaltkozepkor.hu/vtb_as_tamana.html
tamana calendar by Dr Vámos-Tóth Bátor
...
http://www.mariaorszaga.hu/
...
http://www.arvisura.van.hu/keret.cgi?/arvisigaz.htm
...
idézetek a magyar nyelvről (Varga Csaba gyűjtéséből)
...

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